{"title":"research-grade","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"ghk-cu-100mg-copper-peptide","title":"GHK-CU 100mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eGHK-Cu (Copper Peptide Tripeptide-1) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma. Its structure — glycine–histidine–lysine complexed with a Cu²⁺ ion — gives the compound its characteristic blue colouration and has made it one of the most extensively studied peptides in dermatological and biochemical research over the past four decades.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK-Cu\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalogue Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK-023\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 49557-75-7\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso Known As:\u003c\/strong\u003e Copper Tripeptide-1, Copper Peptide GHK\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Quantity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 vial\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 100mg\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥99% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised Solid\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store at −20°C; protect from light and moisture\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStability:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 months from date of manufacture when stored correctly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGHK-Cu has been studied extensively for its role in modulating copper transport and its downstream effects on collagen and elastin synthesis, antioxidant defence, and tissue remodelling pathways in laboratory settings. Research by Pickart et al. and subsequent investigators has characterised GHK-Cu as a potent activator of wound-healing cascades, upregulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and suppressing inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 in pre-clinical models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore recent studies have explored GHK-Cu's potential role in epigenetic regulation, with in vitro data suggesting influence over gene expression patterns associated with cellular senescence and antioxidant response elements (Nrf2 pathway). Its 100mg unit size makes it particularly suited to larger-scale in vitro assays and formulation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eReconstitution Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReconstitute with sterile bacteriostatic water (available separately). Add solvent slowly to the vial wall and gently swirl — do not shake vigorously. Store reconstituted solution at 4°C and use within 28 days. Note: the blue colouration of reconstituted GHK-Cu is normal and due to the copper complex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Use Only\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is intended exclusively for in vitro laboratory and research purposes. It is not approved for human or veterinary use. MMpeptides supplies research-grade compounds to qualified researchers only. All applicable regulations regarding the purchase and use of research peptides in your jurisdiction must be observed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MMpeptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56288178045259,"sku":null,"price":39.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/8394\/0171\/files\/GHK-CU-VIAL-IMAGE.png?v=1777369534"},{"product_id":"glutathione-1500mg","title":"GLUTATHIONE 1500mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eGlutathione (L-glutathione, GSH) is a naturally occurring tripeptide comprising glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, synthesised endogenously in virtually all mammalian cells. As the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, glutathione plays a central role in cellular redox homeostasis and has been extensively characterised in biochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological research over several decades.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione (Reduced, L-GSH)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalogue Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e GSH-1500\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 70-18-8\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 307.3 g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Quantity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 vial\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1500mg\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥99% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised Solid\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store at −20°C; protect from light, moisture, and oxidising agents\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStability:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 months from date of manufacture when stored correctly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlutathione functions as a primary substrate for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme systems, and as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxides. Its thiol group (–SH) on the cysteine residue is the primary reactive site, forming glutathione disulphide (GSSG) upon oxidation. The GSH\/GSSG ratio is a widely used marker of oxidative stress status in cell culture and tissue homogenate studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 1500mg unit size makes this product particularly suitable for large-scale in vitro experiments, including cytotoxicity assays, oxidative stress induction models, GSH depletion studies using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and glutathione enzyme activity assays. Glutathione at this concentration is also used in biochemical synthesis, peptide chemistry, and as a reducing agent in protein folding studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eReconstitution Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDissolve in sterile ultrapure water or PBS (pH 7.0–7.4). Due to its susceptibility to oxidation, prepare fresh working solutions under inert atmosphere where possible. Store reconstituted solution at 4°C and use within 24–48 hours; or aliquot and store at −80°C for longer-term stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Use Only\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is intended exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not approved for human or veterinary use. All applicable regulations regarding the purchase and use of research compounds in your jurisdiction must be observed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MMpeptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56288879706443,"sku":null,"price":49.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/8394\/0171\/files\/gluathione.png?v=1774630552"},{"product_id":"nad-plus-500mg","title":"NAD+ 500mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eNAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a naturally occurring dinucleotide coenzyme present in all living cells. It serves as a critical redox carrier in cellular metabolic pathways, cycling between its oxidised (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms to facilitate electron transfer in reactions including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD⁺\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalogue Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD-500\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 53-84-9\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 663.4 g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Quantity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 vial\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnit Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 500mg\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥99% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised Solid\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store at −20°C; protect from light and moisture\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStability:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 months from date of manufacture when stored correctly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD⁺ is one of the most widely studied molecules in biochemistry. Beyond its classical role in redox metabolism, it serves as a required substrate for several families of regulatory enzymes — most notably sirtuins (class III histone deacetylases) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which consume NAD⁺ during processes including DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, and transcriptional regulation. The sirtuin–NAD⁺ axis in particular has generated significant research interest in the context of ageing biology, mitochondrial biogenesis (via SIRT1\/PGC-1α), and caloric restriction mimicry models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NAD⁺ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has expanded awareness of the NAD⁺ biosynthetic pathway; however, the parent molecule itself remains the primary substrate for direct biochemical assay work. The 500mg unit size is well suited to in vitro enzyme kinetics, cell-free assays, and precursor supplementation studies in cultured cell models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eReconstitution Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDissolve in sterile ultrapure water or appropriate buffer (e.g., PBS, pH 7.4) for biochemical assays. NAD⁺ is moderately labile in solution — prepare fresh working stocks where possible and store at 4°C for short-term use. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Use Only\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is intended exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not approved for human or veterinary use. All applicable regulations regarding the purchase and use of research compounds in your jurisdiction must be observed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MMpeptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56289014677835,"sku":null,"price":49.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/8394\/0171\/files\/nad.png?v=1774630717"},{"product_id":"bacteriostatic-water-10ml","title":"BAC Water 10ml","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"426\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"166\"\u003e10 mL Bacteriostatic Water:\u003c\/strong\u003e A sterile, non-pyrogenic solution developed for use in research laboratory environments. Formulated with 0.9% (9 mg\/mL) benzyl alcohol as a bacteriostatic preservative to support product integrity during repeated withdrawals in extended research applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"444\"\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"1025\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"562\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"562\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"468\"\u003eAccurate Volume:\u003c\/strong\u003e Each 10 mL vial is filled under controlled conditions to ensure uniformity and reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"688\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"688\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"590\"\u003eBacteriostatic Agent:\u003c\/strong\u003e Includes 0.9% benzyl alcohol to help inhibit bacterial growth in multi-use laboratory settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"803\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"803\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"712\"\u003epH Specification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maintained within a range of 4.5 to 7.0 to promote stability during laboratory handling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"925\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"925\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"829\"\u003eStorage Conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recommended storage at standard laboratory ambient temperature (20–25°C) to maintain quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1025\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"1025\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"948\"\u003eMulti-Dose Vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e Designed to allow multiple withdrawals in a controlled research environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1051\"\u003eLaboratory Stability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1053\" data-end=\"1263\"\u003eRemains stable for up to 28 days following the first puncture when stored under appropriate laboratory conditions. The presence of benzyl alcohol assists in minimizing contamination risk throughout this period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1290\"\u003eSafety and Compliance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1292\" data-end=\"1494\"\u003eProvided exclusively for laboratory research purposes. Not intended for human or veterinary use. All use and handling should comply with relevant laboratory safety standards and regulatory requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MMpeptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56289016349003,"sku":null,"price":4.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/8394\/0171\/files\/bacwater.png?v=1774630742"},{"product_id":"mots-c-10mg","title":"MOTS-C 10mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the Twelve S rRNA-c) is a\u003cbr\u003e16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the\u003cbr\u003emitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Unlike the vast majority of peptides, which\u003cbr\u003eare transcribed from the nuclear genome, MOTS-c is one of a small class\u003cbr\u003eof bioactive peptides originating directly from the mitochondrial\u003cbr\u003egenome itself. It acts primarily through activation of the\u003cbr\u003eAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and modulation of the\u003cbr\u003efolate–methionine cycle, positioning it as a central regulator of\u003cbr\u003ecellular metabolic homeostasis and a subject of extensive pre-clinical\u003cbr\u003einvestigation into energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and\u003cbr\u003ecellular aging.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MMpeptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57475112763723,"sku":null,"price":24.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/8394\/0171\/files\/MOTS-C.png?v=1780582292"}],"url":"https:\/\/mmpeptides.co.uk\/collections\/research-grade.oembed","provider":"MMpeptides","version":"1.0","type":"link"}